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High-Speed Tensile Test

SEP 1230, DIN EN ISO 26230-2, ISO 18872, ISO 6603-2, SAE J2749 Nov 2008

In a high-speed tensile test, testing is performed on flat specimens with very high load application velocities of up to 20 m/s. High-speed tests are performed on plastics as well as metals. High-speed tensile tests are performed using a high-speed testing machine. These servohydraulic testing machines achieve speeds of up to 20 m/s on specimens at forces up to 160 kN.

It has long been known that mechanical-technological material properties depend (among other things) on the loading rate; in other words, the strain rate. In practice, however, it is impact loads that are frequently the cause of component failure. Designers engaged in developing crash-resistant automobiles quickly discovered that using material characteristic values obtained in quasi-static tests produced incorrect results. Only by using data from high-speed tensile tests was it possible to achieve a good level of correlation between numerical simulation and reality.

As numerical simulation is increasingly being used to design forming processes (sheet-metal forming, forging), a knowledge of flow-curve dependency on forming rate is essential. In this context, discussion among materials scientists always centers on strain rates. Since these depend on the specimen shape lo, they are not suitable for specifying a machine characteristic. Machine manufacturers therefore state a piston speed.

The relation between strain rate and piston speed v is as follows:

ϵ = (Δϵ / Δt) = (Δl / l0) x (l / Δt) = (v / l0)

Standards for High-Speed Tensile Tests

  • SEP 1230: Determination of mechanical properties of sheet metal at high strain rates in high-speed tensile tests
  • DIN EN ISO 26230-2: Metallic materials - tensile testing at high strain rates - Part 2: Servohydraulic and other systems
  • ISO 18872: Plastics – determination of tensile properties at high strain rates
  • ISO 6603-2: Plastics – determination of puncture impact behavior of rigid plastics – Part 2: Instrumented impact testing
  • SAE J2749 Nov 2008: High strain rate tensile testing of polymers

Test Data Acquisition

In high-speed tensile tests specimens are frequently fitted with strain gages to obtain more accurate force measurement. Strain gages are applied (on two sides, front and back) to an area of the specimen subject to elastic deformation only. The strain gages are arranged diagonally in a half-bridge configuration. The measurement signal exhibits considerably fewer signal oscillations than the force signal from the piezo load cell.
Strain gages can also be applied to the specimen in the test cross-section for accurate strain measurement. In this case a strain gage is used in a quarter-bridge. As test times are very short (only a few milliseconds), very fast measurement amplifiers are required, together with an additional transient memory card.

High-Speed Tensile Test Video

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High-speed testing machine

High-speed testing machine for high-speed tensile test at 1000 °C

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